Léxico

El vocabulario de nuestra lengua manifiesta una clara herencia de la cultura anterior existente en el territorio conquistado. De esta forma, podemos encontrar algunos vocablos, especialmente relacionados con la caza y los animales, que constituyen el denominado sustrato lingüístico.

Asimismo, cabe apuntar que aparecen en  nuestro vocabulario algunos términos, especialmente aquellos que atañen al campo de las tecnologías,  que no serían de utilidad para nuestra comunidad. Este hecho se debe al carácter tradicional y rudimentario que caracteriza a las actividades de nuestro pueblo, el cual no requiere de tales innovaciones para subsistir y sobrevivir. En relación con este factor, nos encontramos ante las tesis deterministas defendidas por Sapir-Whorf, según las cuales el plano lexicológico de una lengua constituye el fiel reflejo de los principales aspectos culturales y sociales de un determinado grupo o colectivo.

De igual forma, he considerado el movimiento sintáctico "wh-", aglutinando bajo el mismo prefijo ("u") los diferentes pronombres interrogativos, ya que en todas las lenguas consultadas estos pronombres se agrupan bajo un mismo ataque silábico.[i]

Seguidamente exponemos los principios lingüísticos universales que rigen el sistema léxico de nuestra comunidad:

Result No. 55
Number	1620
Original	The implicational hierarchy of semantic distinctions for noun class systems: Animacy is involved in all noun class systems. Human/Animate noun classes primarily distinguish sex gender. Nonhuman/Inanimate classes are further devided in terms of Nature and Individuation.
Standardized	IF there are noun class distinctions for anything else, THEN there is a noun class distinction in terms of animacy. IF for humans/animates there are distinctions other than for sex gender, THEN there is a distinction in terms of sex gender. IF or nonhumans/inanimates there are distinctions other than Nature or Individuation, THEN there is a distinction in terms of Nature or Individuation.
Formula	Animate: Sex; Inanimate: Nature, Individuation
Keywords	noun class, animacy
Domain	inflection, syntax, semantics
Type	implication
Status	achronic
Quality	absolute?
Basis	noun class languages and relevant literature analyzed by Croft 1994
Source	Croft 1994: 148
Counterexamples	—
Comments	By Frans Plank 03.08.2006, 09:49 Most of the secondary literature on classifier semantics, claims that shape is a significant semantic distiction in noun class systems. However, the putative examples are few, and are all dubious or have natural diachronic explanations. Instead, W. Croft argues that shape does NOT play a role in noun class systems, and hence noun class systems are much more different from numeral classifier systems in their semantics than is generally assumed (Croft 1994: 148). For semantic distinctions in numeral classifier systems see .

Comments

By Frans Plank 03.08.2006, 09:49 Most of the secondary literature on classifier semantics, claims that shape is a significant semantic distiction in noun class systems. However, the putative examples are few, and are all dubious or have natural diachronic explanations. Instead, W. Croft argues that shape does NOT play a role in noun class systems, and hence noun class systems are much more different from numeral classifier systems in their semantics than is generally assumed (Croft 1994: 148). For semantic distinctions in numeral classifier systems see .

Result No. 56
Number	1622
Original	If a language has a distinct class of adjectives, then nouns are generally characterised by the feature [+ Shape].
Standardized	IF there is a distinct word class of adjectives, THEN nouns are characterised by the feature [+ Shape].
Formula
Keywords	word class, adjective, noun
Domain	syntax, semantics
Type	implication
Status	achronic
Quality	absolute
Basis	50 languages (sampled by the method of Bakker, Hengeveld, & Rijkhoff) surveyed in Rijkhoff 2000
Source	Rijkhoff 2000: 243
Counterexamples	—
Comments	By Frans Plank 03.08.2006, 09:49 Hmong Njua was the only potential counterexample in the sample (see ): it has adjectives and uses classifiers, which typically occur in languages with sort nouns [-Shape]. As Rijkhoff argues, Hmong Njua is the only classifier language in the sample that on a more or less regular basis indicates whether the referent consists of a collective or a singleton "set" entity [+Shape] (rather than a sort entity [-Shape]).

 [1] Véase definido en la RAE (Real  Academia de la Lengua Española): "los dos constituyentes básicos de la sílaba son el núcleo (N), también denominado cima, cumbre, pico o centro, y los márgenes, formados por los sonidos adyacentes al núcleo y que pueden precederlo (posición anterior) o seguirlo (posición posterior). El margen silábico anterior se denomina inicio (I) o ataque, y también cabeza o abertura, y los segmentos que se hallan en esta posición son segmentos en posición explosiva".